The Role of Blueberry Cultivation in the Sustainable Development of Household and Small-Scale Farming in the Adjara Region

Abstract

The collapse of the existing socio-political system and internal conflicts in the country led to the degradation of the agricultural sector. The production and processing of agricultural products were halted. Certain sectors, such as tea cultivation, were destroyed. In other areas like citrus farming, purchase prices significantly dropped, reducing the income generated from agricultural products. Harvesting, transporting, and marketing of citrus fruits became increasingly problematic.

   The decline of various branches of citrus farming, along with high purchase prices for hazelnuts, resulted in a yearly increase in hazelnut orchard plantations in the subtropical zones of Adjara. However, these expansions were carried out without any scientific guidance. Consequently, low per-hectare yields (due to acidic soils in Adjara) and declining quality (caused by disease and pest infestations) led to a dramatic drop in prices. As a result, hazelnut cultivation turned into a low-income activity for family farmers, requiring high labor costs as well.

   Based on practical experience, we conclude that it is essential to provide the population with information about agricultural crops that are economically efficient, scientifically validated, and can become an additional source of income for farmers with future potential. To achieve this, it is necessary to involve institutions such as the Ministry of Agriculture, scientific research centers, and universities.

   The sustainable development of household and small-scale farming will help eliminate rural poverty, create employment opportunities, stimulate industrial growth, develop infrastructure, and reduce migration from rural areas.