Bulletin of Akaki Tsereteli State University
Bulletin of Akaki Tsereteli State University is a scientific peer-reviewed/refereed multidisciplinary journal of Akaki Tsereteli State University. It is possible to publish papers in the journal in Georgian and other foreign (English, German, French) languages with an attached extended abstract in English. The bilingual (Georgian-English) journal University Moambe began functioning at Akaki Tsereteli State University in 1993 and from 2013, under the name Akaki Tsereteli State University Moambe. It is published twice a year. Journal DOI: https://doi.org/10.52340/atsu ISSN: 2233-3711
On the solution of the first plane interior boundary value problem of statics of the moment elasticity theory by variation method
In the paper the boundary value problem of statics of the moment elasticity theory is solved by variation method in the case, when on the boundary a simple connected finite plane domain is given a displacement vector and rotation.
e first interior boundary value problem of statics of the moment elasticity theory
On boundary properties of Bliashke-Djerbashyan Canonical product
The paper establishes sufficient conditions for Bliashke-Djerbashyan Canonical product, in order to have angular boundary values.
canonical product of Blaschke - Djerbashyan
An innovative measure to protect the coastal zone of the sea located to the south of the "City channel" runoff of the Rioni River (from erosion)
The paper discusses environmental and geomorphological problems in the Black Sea city of Poti. The impact of the new port protective mole on the ongoing erosion processes along the coast has been assessed. Using geotubes, an innovative scheme for the protection of the 400 m long shoreline south to the confluence of the Rioni River “city canal” has been developed. This shore protection scheme is effective only in the vicinity of the confluence of the "city canal", where the sediment is brought by the south direction flows generated by the river. For the selected storm, the propagation and collapse of the waves along the coast are investigated. The formula for calculating the transformation coefficient is selected. The stability of the structure of geotubes during storms is evaluated. The western part of the coast guard construction designed by us causes the overrun waves to crumble and reduce the ripple load on the shore. Their placement under water ensures the return of returned water to the sea without additional circulations. At the same time, the northern and southern parts reduce the impact of coastal currents on the coast, which has a positive impact on the erosion processes taking place there.
The Possibility of Manufacturing Building Structures from the Steel Thin-walled Lightweight Profiles
The paper analyses the opportunities of designing building structures from thin-walled lightweight profiles of steel and their utilization while performing different building and reconstruction works. It highlights the main priorities of building method of steel thin-walled lightweight profiles and comparative analysis of their mechanic and technological characteristics; furthermore, it implies joint types used during the construction designing together with their positive and negative sides.
Impact of reactive power compensating equipment in a backbone network on active power losses
The article discusses impact of reactive power compensation equipment on active power losses in a backbone network. A modeled 500 kv backbone network is compiled and active power losses in this network are calculated. The calculation is conducted before reactive power compensation and after it for two (maximum, minimum) load modes. As a result of the reports, it was found out that, as expected, a reactive power compensating equipment, selected according to the voltage quality criteria in the backbone network regulates operating voltage values ​​of the nodes within the allowable range and reduces active power and energy losses in the network.
The concept of circular economy and the international experience of its implementation
Currently, due to the unsustainable nature of the linear economy, the need has emerged to introduce a circular economic model, that should ensure economic growth, environmental sustainability and prosperity. The aim of the research is to characterize the concept of circular economy, generalize and evaluate the international experience, identify the contradictions of its introduction and substantiate the necessity of developing a circular economy strategy in the long run. The article analyzes the reasons why the linear economy changes with the circular one, examines the features of the circular economy and reviews the strategic directions of different countries. It is noted, that its introduction in the transition phase can be characterized by negative effect and be associated with many risk factors, but in the long run it is profitable and beneficial to the economy.
Predicting the dynamics of tourist visits using Fourier series
The paper discusses the issues of development of international travelers' visits to Georgia and trend forecasting. A new approach to building trending models in the tourism business using exponential smoothing and Fourier series is proposed. Specific examples in the field of tourism are discussed. Trend analysis is performed and data approximation rates are evaluated under the conditions of the given model.
Alexander Kazbegi’s Prose in the Context of Nonverbal Semiotics
Alexander Kazbegi creates deep psychological portraits and highly artistic texts with semiotic signs and it is the main feature of his creative individualism. It reaches the reader through non-verbal communication and this allows the author not to be placed between the character and the author. The material presented in the article shows well how rich and diverse is Al. Kazbegi's non-verbal semiotics, which arouses the interest of studying the writer’s creativity from this point of view.
Literary Ontotextology - Miniatures of Givi Margvelashvili
Any science, including ontology, postulates the reality of the external world. Ontology is a philosophical doctrine about the essence of life, or existence. Literary ontotext, i.e. the so-called literary “game” is an integral element of the postmodernist paradigm, centered on a theme, a story with real characters, everyday events, life challenges, and deconstructive texts. The polyvariance of reality, experimentation, deconstruction of classical texts, playing with text construction and ontotext are the main driving force of the work of the modern German-speaking Georgian writer Givi Marvelashvili. With his miniatures, ontological confusion of fiction and reality, illusion and reality, with a kind of postmodernist simulation, Margvelashvili creates a highly interesting and experimental text, which transports us into a rather extensive and diverse intertextual world. The main themes of Margvelashvili's ontoliterature are living faces of literary characters who exist now, in the present moment, and are trying to turn the wheel of destiny (story) in the right direction in order to bring back the lost “merriness” at least in the world of books, from which the true, real existence has been emptied for a long time. According to the laws of the book world, this is possible because, in the writer's view, the world is a book-like dimension, and it is the reader or reading that give them a sense of reality and vitality. That is why the author tries to awaken the reader with his “oncontextological rebuke.”
Ancient Greece: Medical Metaphors in Ethics
This short article is just one preview of the vast use of medical metaphors in ethics. Human beings have often imagined and established what a good society should be like by borrowing medical metaphors, and to achieve this purpose they have often used medical metaphors to create representations capable of providing models, like utopias, which society should even- tually match.
Crisis Manager Women Characters According to Aristophanes' Comedies
The article addresses the issue of women as the best crisis managers, planners, and the best solution finders in crisis situations according to the following comedies written by Aristophanes “The Thesmophorians”, “Lysistrata”, “Assemblywomen”.
Secondary Foreteller Characters in Ancient Epic Poetry
Secondary characters have a large role in opening the faces of the main characters. In ancient epic poetry, the character of the main character, his courage or impotence, appears through secondary characters. Secondary characters, in many cases, help the main characters to overcome this or that difficulty or obstacle. There are cases when the secondary characters, instead of helping the main characters, on the contrary, hinder them from achieving the set goal. Secondary characters, of course, may not receive as much attention as the main characters, such as Achilles, Jason, Medea, or Aeneas, but they are often more effective than epic characters. In the article we show the function of such secondary foreteller characters in ancient epic texts. They make it easy for the main characters to overcome the difficulties of the road and offer wise advice, which will eventually lead the heroes to the desired results.
The place and role of filed concept as a conceptual bases in the construction of architext textual sphere
The merging of interdisciplinary and interparadigmatics results further consideration of the structural content analysis of anthropocentrical metaparadigm. It is also closely connected with the problematic concepts like structure and energy. They both – the concept of structure and the concept of energy are related to the problem of architext. It is known that in the construction of architext the field and vector concepts have a major role (Levinson) but at the current stage we are to demonstrate the role of filed concepts in the architext construction process.
Original-translation Linguistic Contrastive Analysis according to the American story ‘ The Adventures of Tom Sawyer’ by Mark Twain
The article deals with the significance of translation in the point of communication and social-cultural functions. Translation methods create essential conditions to make student’s oral and written speech more authentic. Theoretical and practical materials enable English learners to be creatively free and overcome language barriers-so called interference. The aim of the article is to make a linguistic contrastive analysis of the work ‘The Adventure of Tom Sawyer’ by Mark Twain and its translation. Conducting a linguistic research is one of the methods of teaching literature; It is considered to be a synthesis of transnational and cross-cultural diapasons (ranges). Comparing the examples from the source languages (English and Georgian ) encouraged us to establish those similarities and differences that are characteristic to both languages. So this one represents the second directive of translation of a literary work that is known as a linguistic method.
Structure and floristic composition of subalpine and alpine cenoses of Baghdati and Vani districts
Plants of alpine belts are adapted to winter frosts, long snow cover, strong winds, direct light with great intensity, strong transpiration, short vegetation period. Cenoses of subalpine grasses are not characterized by lying fallow, at the same time they have a peculiar structure and floristic composition.The development of this vegetation is related to soil moisture, rich humus content, solar radiation and lighting, which are optimally presented here.A considerable amount of light, precipitation and heat in these zones promotes vigorous plant growth and leads to the formation of large, broad-leaved and multi-flowered plants.The article discusses the vegetation cover of subalpine and alpine belts (trees, shrubs, shrubs-grasses, grasses) of Baghdati and Vani districts, the influence of soil-climatic factors in their morphological and anatomical structure. The main routes of plant collection at different times of the year are described:Tsiteli Mindori (Red field), Sairme crossing, upper Sulori river area, Kenchsakari, Naduknevi, Lamazi Gori, Sakondakhestsveri. 255 species of plants were collected, including 82 species from typical subalpine and alpine belt. Other species are also found in the upper belts of the forest, in small numbers - further down.
Lagodekhi Municipality Ltd. “Green village“ Soil Survey Results
The soils of the Damascus rose plantation, orchards and ornamental plants garden in the Lagodekhi municipality of Ltd “Green Village “ territory were studied,which is important for the development of effective agro-technical measures for adult plantations growing there. The study showed that the soil at all three sites is moderately clayey in its mechanical composition, the sum of the stems absorbed in the soil absorption complex is average, corresponding to the calcium and magnesium content. The total content of the absorbed stems corresponds to the acidity of the soil and is acceptable for growing crops on the facilities. The humus content is low, especially in an ornamental garden. The pH reaction is weakly acidic and tends to neutral. The content of hydrolyzed nitrogen and mobile phosphorus is lower than in the areas under rose and fruit crops, while the content of exchange potassium is medium. As for the area under ornamental plants, the content of hydrolyzed nitrogen is low, while the content of mobile phosphorus and exchange potassium is optimal.
Ginkgo Biloba L Growth and Development Features in Tskaltubo Central Park
Growth and development characteristics of Ginkgo biloba L. were studied in Tskaltubo Central Park. The study was conducted from the fall of 2019 to the end of 2021. It has been established that there are 4 adult ginkgo plants growing in the park area, 1 of which is female and 3 are male; The "flowering" of the plants coincides with the period of leaf spreading, the beginning of April, the maturation of the microspores on the male specimen lasts 5-6 days; The fall color variability of female and male plants does not coincide-Males begin in mid-October, while females begin in late November and last for one month; Fruits begin to ripen in late July, while the falling begins from mid-October and lasts for 3 months; Fruits fully develop and grow without fertilization, while fertilization and embryo formation take place within 3-4 months of their fall. The ability of seeds to germinate on the study plant varied up to 50%.
Programmed Staged Abdominal Lavage in Surgical Treatment of Common Peritonitis
Peritonitis still remains an acute complication of severe surgical disease in the abdominal cavity during surgical interventions. Peritonitis caused by obstetric-gynecological pathology also plays an important role. Lethality is high and is related to the number of organs damaged. In the treatment of peritonitis, its basis is a surgical intervention aimed at eradicating the cause of peritonitis during surgery, fighting infection (abdominal sanation) and antibacterial therapy in the postoperative period, as well as intensive therapy and detoxification of the body.
The Possibilities of Creating Small Ports and Design Methods
The creation of a network of small ports plays an important role in the development of small and medium business in the country. The maritime capacity provides the best opportunity for this. The article looks into the stages of creating small ports and the mutual obligations of the parties involved in this process. Small ports allow for transferring cargo at low cost. The priority here is to handle small cargo consisting of raw materials, agricultural, construction and other goods produced in the region.
The Main Factors of Designing the Industrial Fabrics for Metro Escalator Handrails
The article presents the main factors in the design of technical fabric for replacing steel cables in the handles of the subway escalator. The cable system occupies the central part in the handle and is the supporting element of the composite. The results of the work show that the ropes work almost independently of the load. When installing and repairing the handles, the rope is secured with a bandage. Increased friction and heat generation occurs when driving on difficult road sections. Balance layers are often damaged. The special fabric tapes made by us from hybrid yarns with enhanced physical and mechanical properties meet the design requirements.
Solidity Assessment of Absolutely Flexible Pipelines in The Flow of Air or Fluid
An algorithm has been developed for sizing the absolutely flexible pipelines (bars) loaded with the concentrated forces and located in the air or liquid flow. The stated algorithm allows us to determine the shape of the pipeline (bar), the axial force in the pipeline both without the internal flow and taking into account the internal flow of fluid moving in the pipeline, as well as to assess the pipeline strength, taking into account the normal stresses caused by the pipe bend.
Major Trends in the Development of Auto Tractor Engines
The following trends are evident in the development of auto tractor engines in mechanical engineering: increase in unit power of internal combustion engines, use of turbochargers in diesels, including secondary cooling, Manufacture of hybrid engines using alternative fuels and advances in the electronics industry and progress the efficiency of the aggregate by increasing the engine rotational force.
Introduction of the Experience of Foreign Countries in the Management of Tourist Transport Infrastructure in Georgia
The article discusses the experience of leading foreign countries in the tourism industry, particularly in the management of tourism transport infrastructure. In many foreign countries, as well as Georgia, tourism has become one of the leading sectors of the country's economy and a stable source of revenue for the country. The paper states that the introduction of the experience of foreign countries in the management of tourism transport infrastructure will contribute to the development of tourism in Georgia and significantly increase the attraction of country for visitors.
Moral Reasons and the Logical Form of Normative Arguments
What does it precisely mean that we have reasons for doing what we ought to do? An answer to these questions requires an understanding of moral motivation, ethical reasoning, and the nature of the moral stance. I lay the groundwork for such a study in this paper, in which I propose an analysis of the moral stance and the logical form of normative, meta-ethical arguments.
Paul Chavchavadze – Georgian emigrant writer reflecting the Russian Bolshevik policy
This article relates to a Georgian emigrant writer – Paul Chavchavadze and his creativity in America. The work entitled “Marie Avinov – Pilgrimage through hell”, is in fact a memoir. The notes of historical value were gathered and turned into a real, literary masterpiece. Our interest towards the book was mainly caused by the fact that it directly reveals the epoch viciousness. The policies of a Bolshevik government became the reason for the deportation of many emigrants. The fate of the Russian aristocrats was also determined by that policy.
Urban Aesthetics in Theodore Dreiser’s Novel Sister Carrie
The paper aims to explore the ways in which Theodore Dreiser represents urban imagery of Chicago (1889-1890) and New York (1890-1897) in his novel Sister Carrie and aesthetic elements of the writer’s urban vision. The actuality of this topic derives from the significant role urbanism and city play in American literature at the end of the 19th and early 20th century. Urbanism and literary naturalism are inseparably interconnected, megalopolis being the main topos in naturalist texts – the city, as a rule, is viewed as the center of modern culture and a metonymy of the whole society. The influence of the city on the consciousness of its inhabitants is one of the central problems of literary naturalism. The purpose of this paper is to identify and explore the elements that define urban aesthetics of Dreiser's novel, shaping its complex narrative structure. The focus is made on such naturalistic details as colors, the specific smell of the metropolis which is sometimes irritating and often associated with immigrants, the noise that constantly accompanies the big city; and finally, it is the weather that the author uses deliberately to intensify the urban impressions. The paper scrutinizes Dreiser’s intention to outline the panoramic picture of the modern city as well epic image of American life and society, differentiating between social classes and ways of life.
Expressions in Nuskhuri Will-inscriptions of Gelatian Liturgical Book (Gulan) (K-596)
Gelatian Gulan preserved in Kutaisi State Historical Museum, is copied in 1541. It is the first dated Gulan among this type of manuscripts. More than 150 Nuskhuri and Mkhedruli will-inscriptions are confirmed in Gulan. Their study provides interesting material from both linguistic and historical-source study aspects. With the help of will-inscriptions, the information of various nature, content and destination has reached us. The inscriptions show the economic situation, daily worries and everyday problems of the society at that time. In addition, the inscriptions give us an idea of the people of that time - their thoughts and feelings. Gulan's will-inscriptions are rich in expressions expressing the psycho-emotional state of the copyists. The subject of our research is the discussion of expressions from a psycholinguistic aspect. How much the grammatical structure of the expressions changes with the change in the psycho-emotional mood of the copyist, i.e. what linguistic means are used for this in the will-inscriptions of the Gelatian Gulan.
The Verb in Georgian Linguistic Literature of the 18th-19th Centuries
All the fundamental linguistic researches of the 18th-19th centuries provide very interesting and valuable information about the verb, its categories and the derivative affixes. Clearly, for a variety of reasons, a number of these views have only historical significance today, although there are some valuable observations from the present point of view. The paper discusses grammatical works of Zurab Shanshovani, Anton Bagrationi, Gaioz Rector, Davit and Ioane Bagrationi, Varlam Eristavi, Ioane Kartvelishvili, Solomon Dodashvili and Platon Ioseliani. All Georgian grammarians of this period consider the verb as an independent part of speech and give its characterization. However, it is indisputable that the provisions referred to by Anton I regarding the verb categories became a kind of basis and impetus for the grammarians of the later period, as his grammar is the first fundamental linguistic work of the Georgian language. Many different, interesting opinions have been expressed about the verb by some grammarians of the later period, while some reject a number of valuable remarks of Antony.
"The Georgian Dictionary", or "Sitkvis Kona” (A Bundle of Words) - the Most Important Monument of Georgian Lexicography
The article analyzes the most important monument of the literary heritage of a famous Georgian writer and public figure Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani _ "The Georgian Dictionary". It also presents the principles of compiling a dictionary, its peculiarities and other specific issues. The focus is on the aspects that keep it relevant even today and not only make it an important monument of Georgian lexicography, but also attach special significance to it in the history of Georgian culture.
Condition of Soils in Georgia Caused by Natural and Anthropogenic Factors
Soils are the foundation and one of the basic elements of almost every aspect of human activity. They can be used as an essential tool of human habitation, work, production and therefore represent a major resource of revenues and prosperity. For the above enumerated reasons a rational exploitation of soil resources is an indispensable precondition of the mankind’s very existence. The article proposes the analysis of soil conditions in Georgia from the perspective of anthropogenic and natural factors.