Bulletin of Akaki Tsereteli State University
type: channel
description: Bulletin of Akaki Tsereteli State University is a scientific peer-reviewed/refereed multidisciplinary journal of Akaki Tsereteli State University. It is possible to publish papers in the journal in Georgian and other foreign (English, German, French) languages with an attached extended abstract in English. The bilingual (Georgian-English) journal University Moambe began functioning at Akaki Tsereteli State University in 1993 and from 2013, under the name Akaki Tsereteli State University Moambe. It is published twice a year. Journal DOI: https://doi.org/10.52340/atsu ISSN: 2233-3711
language: en
publication name: Bulletin of Akaki Tsereteli State University
items: On the solution of the first plane interior boundary value problem of statics of the moment elasticity theory by variation method
items: On boundary properties of Bliashke-Djerbashyan Canonical product
items: An innovative measure to protect the coastal zone of the sea located to the south of the "City channel" runoff of the Rioni River (from erosion)
items: The Possibility of Manufacturing Building Structures from the Steel Thin-walled Lightweight Profiles
items: Impact of reactive power compensating equipment in a backbone network on active power losses
items: The concept of circular economy and the international experience of its implementation
items: Predicting the dynamics of tourist visits using Fourier series
items: Alexander Kazbegi’s Prose in the Context of Nonverbal Semiotics
items: Literary Ontotextology - Miniatures of Givi Margvelashvili
items: Ancient Greece: Medical Metaphors in Ethics
items: Crisis Manager Women Characters According to Aristophanes' Comedies
items: Secondary Foreteller Characters in Ancient Epic Poetry
items: The place and role of filed concept as a conceptual bases in the construction of architext textual sphere
items: Original-translation Linguistic Contrastive Analysis according to the American story ‘ The Adventures of Tom Sawyer’ by Mark Twain
items: Structure and floristic composition of subalpine and alpine cenoses of Baghdati and Vani districts
items: Lagodekhi Municipality Ltd. “Green village“ Soil Survey Results
items: Ginkgo Biloba L Growth and Development Features in Tskaltubo Central Park
items: Programmed Staged Abdominal Lavage in Surgical Treatment of Common Peritonitis
items: The Possibilities of Creating Small Ports and Design Methods
items: The Main Factors of Designing the Industrial Fabrics for Metro Escalator Handrails
items: Solidity Assessment of Absolutely Flexible Pipelines in The Flow of Air or Fluid
items: Major Trends in the Development of Auto Tractor Engines
items: Introduction of the Experience of Foreign Countries in the Management of Tourist Transport Infrastructure in Georgia
items: Moral Reasons and the Logical Form of Normative Arguments
items: Paul Chavchavadze – Georgian emigrant writer reflecting the Russian Bolshevik policy
items: Urban Aesthetics in Theodore Dreiser’s Novel Sister Carrie
items: Expressions in Nuskhuri Will-inscriptions of Gelatian Liturgical Book (Gulan) (K-596)
items: The Verb in Georgian Linguistic Literature of the 18th-19th Centuries
items: "The Georgian Dictionary", or "Sitkvis Kona” (A Bundle of Words) - the Most Important Monument of Georgian Lexicography
items: Condition of Soils in Georgia Caused by Natural and Anthropogenic Factors

On the solution of the first plane interior boundary value problem of statics of the moment elasticity theory by variation method
type: item
description: In the paper the boundary value problem of statics of the moment elasticity theory is solved by variation method in the case, when on the boundary a simple connected finite plane domain is given a displacement vector and rotation.
subject: Mathematics
  topic: section
subject: e first interior boundary value problem of statics of the moment elasticity theory
  topic: keywords
subject: variation method
  topic: keywords
subject: functional
  topic: keywords
subject: minimizing vector-function
  topic: keywords
creator: Kosta Svanadze
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 207
ending page: 215

On boundary properties of Bliashke-Djerbashyan Canonical product
type: item
description: The paper establishes sufficient conditions for Bliashke-Djerbashyan Canonical product, in order to have angular boundary values.
subject: Mathematics
  topic: section
subject: canonical product of Blaschke - Djerbashyan
  topic: keywords
subject: angular boundary values
  topic: keywords
creator: Giorgi Tetvadze
creator: Lili Tetvadze
creator: Lamara Tsibadze
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 195
ending page: 206

An innovative measure to protect the coastal zone of the sea located to the south of the "City channel" runoff of the Rioni River (from erosion)
type: item
description: The paper discusses environmental and geomorphological problems in the Black Sea city of Poti. The impact of the new port protective mole on the ongoing erosion processes along the coast has been assessed. Using geotubes, an innovative scheme for the protection of the 400 m long shoreline south to the confluence of the Rioni River “city canal” has been developed. This shore protection scheme is effective only in the vicinity of the confluence of the "city canal", where the sediment is brought by the south direction flows generated by the river. For the selected storm, the propagation and collapse of the waves along the coast are investigated. The formula for calculating the transformation coefficient is selected. The stability of the structure of geotubes during storms is evaluated. The western part of the coast guard construction designed by us causes the overrun waves to crumble and reduce the ripple load on the shore. Their placement under water ensures the return of returned water to the sea without additional circulations. At the same time, the northern and southern parts reduce the impact of coastal currents on the coast, which has a positive impact on the erosion processes taking place there.
subject: Engineering
  topic: section
subject: wave
  topic: keywords
subject: shore
  topic: keywords
subject: erosion
  topic: keywords
subject: geotube
  topic: keywords
creator: Ivane Saghinadze
creator: Shalva Kirtadze
creator: Manana Pkhakadze
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 177
ending page: 193

The Possibility of Manufacturing Building Structures from the Steel Thin-walled Lightweight Profiles
type: item
description: The paper analyses the opportunities of designing building structures from thin-walled lightweight profiles of steel and their utilization while performing different building and reconstruction works. It highlights the main priorities of building method of steel thin-walled lightweight profiles and comparative analysis of their mechanic and technological characteristics; furthermore, it implies joint types used during the construction designing together with their positive and negative sides.
subject: Engineering
  topic: section
subject: building structures
  topic: keywords
subject: welded joint
  topic: keywords
subject: profile
  topic: keywords
subject: lightweight structures
  topic: keywords
subject: reconstruction
  topic: keywords
creator: Malkhaz Dograshvili
creator: Parmen Kipiani
creator: Svetlana Mindadze
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 168
ending page: 176

Impact of reactive power compensating equipment in a backbone network on active power losses
type: item
description: The article discusses impact of reactive power compensation equipment on active power losses in a backbone network. A modeled 500 kv backbone network is compiled and active power losses in this network are calculated. The calculation is conducted before reactive power compensation and after it for two (maximum, minimum) load modes. As a result of the reports, it was found out that, as expected, a reactive power compensating equipment, selected according to the voltage quality criteria in the backbone network regulates operating voltage values ​​of the nodes within the allowable range and reduces active power and energy losses in the network.
subject: Energy
  topic: section
subject: backbone network
  topic: keywords
subject: compensating equipment
  topic: keywords
subject: criterion
  topic: keywords
subject: operating voltage
  topic: keywords
subject: power losses
  topic: keywords
creator: Davit Japaridze
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 153
ending page: 166

The concept of circular economy and the international experience of its implementation
type: item
description: Currently, due to the unsustainable nature of the linear economy, the need has emerged to introduce a circular economic model, that should ensure economic growth, environmental sustainability and prosperity. The aim of the research is to characterize the concept of circular economy, generalize and evaluate the international experience, identify the contradictions of its introduction and substantiate the necessity of developing a circular economy strategy in the long run. The article analyzes the reasons why the linear economy changes with the circular one, examines the features of the circular economy and reviews the strategic directions of different countries. It is noted, that its introduction in the transition phase can be characterized by negative effect and be associated with many risk factors, but in the long run it is profitable and beneficial to the economy.
subject: Economics, Econometrics and Finance
  topic: section
subject: circular economy
  topic: keywords
subject: waste recycling
  topic: keywords
subject: economic sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: resource turnover
  topic: keywords
creator: Shota Lominashvili
creator: Mikheil Tokmazishvili
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 139
ending page: 151

Predicting the dynamics of tourist visits using Fourier series
type: item
description: The paper discusses the issues of development of international travelers' visits to Georgia and trend forecasting. A new approach to building trending models in the tourism business using exponential smoothing and Fourier series is proposed. Specific examples in the field of tourism are discussed. Trend analysis is performed and data approximation rates are evaluated under the conditions of the given model.
subject: Business, Management and Accounting
  topic: section
subject: fourier series
  topic: keywords
subject: exponential smoothing
  topic: keywords
subject: approximation rates
  topic: keywords
subject: trend
  topic: keywords
creator: Izolda Khasaia
creator: Manana Chumburidze
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 122
ending page: 137

Alexander Kazbegi’s Prose in the Context of Nonverbal Semiotics
type: item
description: Alexander Kazbegi creates deep psychological portraits and highly artistic texts with semiotic signs and it is the main feature of his creative individualism. It reaches the reader through non-verbal communication and this allows the author not to be placed between the character and the author. The material presented in the article shows well how rich and diverse is Al. Kazbegi's non-verbal semiotics, which arouses the interest of studying the writer’s creativity from this point of view.
subject: Arts and Humanities
  topic: section
subject: Kazbegi
  topic: keywords
subject: semiotics
  topic: keywords
subject: psycological portraits
  topic: keywords
creator: Nino Gaganidze
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 107
ending page: 120

Literary Ontotextology - Miniatures of Givi Margvelashvili
type: item
description: Any science, including ontology, postulates the reality of the external world. Ontology is a philosophical doctrine about the essence of life, or existence. Literary ontotext, i.e. the so-called literary “game” is an integral element of the postmodernist paradigm, centered on a theme, a story with real characters, everyday events, life challenges, and deconstructive texts. The polyvariance of reality, experimentation, deconstruction of classical texts, playing with text construction and ontotext are the main driving force of the work of the modern German-speaking Georgian writer Givi Marvelashvili. With his miniatures, ontological confusion of fiction and reality, illusion and reality, with a kind of postmodernist simulation, Margvelashvili creates a highly interesting and experimental text, which transports us into a rather extensive and diverse intertextual world. The main themes of Margvelashvili's ontoliterature are living faces of literary characters who exist now, in the present moment, and are trying to turn the wheel of destiny (story) in the right direction in order to bring back the lost “merriness” at least in the world of books, from which the true, real existence has been emptied for a long time. According to the laws of the book world, this is possible because, in the writer's view, the world is a book-like dimension, and it is the reader or reading that give them a sense of reality and vitality. That is why the author tries to awaken the reader with his “oncontextological rebuke.”
subject: Arts and Humanities
  topic: section
subject: literary ontotextology
  topic: keywords
subject: postmodernism
  topic: keywords
subject: text deconstruction
  topic: keywords
subject: intermediate elements
  topic: keywords
creator: Guranda Gobiani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 93
ending page: 106

Ancient Greece: Medical Metaphors in Ethics
type: item
description: This short article is just one preview of the vast use of medical metaphors in ethics. Human beings have often imagined and established what a good society should be like by borrowing medical metaphors, and to achieve this purpose they have often used medical metaphors to create representations capable of providing models, like utopias, which society should even- tually match.
subject: Arts and Humanities
  topic: section
subject: Antiquity
  topic: keywords
subject: philosophers
  topic: keywords
subject: doctors
  topic: keywords
subject: metaphors
  topic: keywords
creator: Nino Chikhladze
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 84
ending page: 92

Crisis Manager Women Characters According to Aristophanes' Comedies
type: item
description: The article addresses the issue of women as the best crisis managers, planners, and the best solution finders in crisis situations according to the following comedies written by Aristophanes “The Thesmophorians”, “Lysistrata”, “Assemblywomen”.
subject: Arts and Humanities
  topic: section
subject: antique literature
  topic: keywords
subject: comedy
  topic: keywords
subject: women
  topic: keywords
subject: crisis managers
  topic: keywords
creator: Tatia Mardaleishvili
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 72
ending page: 83

Secondary Foreteller Characters in Ancient Epic Poetry
type: item
description: Secondary characters have a large role in opening the faces of the main characters. In ancient epic poetry, the character of the main character, his courage or impotence, appears through secondary characters. Secondary characters, in many cases, help the main characters to overcome this or that difficulty or obstacle. There are cases when the secondary characters, instead of helping the main characters, on the contrary, hinder them from achieving the set goal. Secondary characters, of course, may not receive as much attention as the main characters, such as Achilles, Jason, Medea, or Aeneas, but they are often more effective than epic characters. In the article we show the function of such secondary foreteller characters in ancient epic texts. They make it easy for the main characters to overcome the difficulties of the road and offer wise advice, which will eventually lead the heroes to the desired results.
subject: Arts and Humanities
  topic: section
subject: secondary character
  topic: keywords
subject: epic poetry
  topic: keywords
subject: ancient hero
  topic: keywords
subject: literature
  topic: keywords
creator: Vakhtang Endeladze
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 64
ending page: 71

The place and role of filed concept as a conceptual bases in the construction of architext textual sphere
type: item
description: The merging of interdisciplinary and interparadigmatics results further consideration of the structural content analysis of anthropocentrical metaparadigm. It is also closely connected with the problematic concepts like structure and energy. They both – the concept of structure and the concept of energy are related to the problem of architext. It is known that in the construction of architext the field and vector concepts have a major role (Levinson) but at the current stage we are to demonstrate the role of filed concepts in the architext construction process.
subject: Arts and Humanities
  topic: section
subject: field principle
  topic: keywords
subject: architext
  topic: keywords
subject: lexical semantics
  topic: keywords
subject: methodological paradigm
  topic: keywords
subject: methodological principle
  topic: keywords
creator: katerine Julakidze
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 56
ending page: 63

Original-translation Linguistic Contrastive Analysis according to the American story ‘ The Adventures of Tom Sawyer’ by Mark Twain
type: item
description: The article deals with the significance of translation in the point of communication and social-cultural functions. Translation methods create essential conditions to make student’s oral and written speech more authentic. Theoretical and practical materials enable English learners to be creatively free and overcome language barriers-so called interference. The aim of the article is to make a linguistic contrastive analysis of the work ‘The Adventure of Tom Sawyer’ by Mark Twain and its translation. Conducting a linguistic research is one of the methods of teaching literature; It is considered to be a synthesis of transnational and cross-cultural diapasons (ranges). Comparing the examples from the source languages (English and Georgian ) encouraged us to establish those similarities and differences that are characteristic to both languages. So this one represents the second directive of translation of a literary work that is known as a linguistic method.
subject: Arts and Humanities
  topic: section
subject: linguistics
  topic: keywords
subject: transnational
  topic: keywords
subject: cross-cultural communication
  topic: keywords
subject: social-cultural synthesis
  topic: keywords
creator: Nunu Charkviani
creator: Irma Rusadze
creator: Sopio Kipiani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 42
ending page: 55

Structure and floristic composition of subalpine and alpine cenoses of Baghdati and Vani districts
type: item
description: Plants of alpine belts are adapted to winter frosts, long snow cover, strong winds, direct light with great intensity, strong transpiration, short vegetation period. Cenoses of subalpine grasses are not characterized by lying fallow, at the same time they have a peculiar structure and floristic composition.The development of this vegetation is related to soil moisture, rich humus content, solar radiation and lighting, which are optimally presented here.A considerable amount of light, precipitation and heat in these zones promotes vigorous plant growth and leads to the formation of large, broad-leaved and multi-flowered plants.The article discusses the vegetation cover of subalpine and alpine belts (trees, shrubs, shrubs-grasses, grasses) of Baghdati and Vani districts, the influence of soil-climatic factors in their morphological and anatomical structure. The main routes of plant collection at different times of the year are described:Tsiteli Mindori (Red field), Sairme crossing, upper Sulori river area, Kenchsakari, Naduknevi, Lamazi Gori, Sakondakhestsveri. 255 species of plants were collected, including 82 species from typical subalpine and alpine belt. Other species are also found in the upper belts of the forest, in small numbers - further down.
subject: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
  topic: section
subject: subalpine belt
  topic: keywords
subject: alpine meadow
  topic: keywords
subject: grove of evergreen azaleas
  topic: keywords
subject: Colchian undergrowth
  topic: keywords
subject: species
  topic: keywords
subject: plant
  topic: keywords
subject: cenosis
  topic: keywords
creator: Nino Dzotsenidze
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 29
ending page: 40

Lagodekhi Municipality Ltd. “Green village“ Soil Survey Results
type: item
description: The soils of the Damascus rose plantation, orchards and ornamental plants garden in the Lagodekhi municipality of Ltd “Green Village “ territory were studied,which is important for the development of effective agro-technical measures for adult plantations growing there. The study showed that the soil at all three sites is moderately clayey in its mechanical composition, the sum of the stems absorbed in the soil absorption complex is average, corresponding to the calcium and magnesium content. The total content of the absorbed stems corresponds to the acidity of the soil and is acceptable for growing crops on the facilities. The humus content is low, especially in an ornamental garden. The pH reaction is weakly acidic and tends to neutral. The content of hydrolyzed nitrogen and mobile phosphorus is lower than in the areas under rose and fruit crops, while the content of exchange potassium is medium. As for the area under ornamental plants, the content of hydrolyzed nitrogen is low, while the content of mobile phosphorus and exchange potassium is optimal.
subject: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
  topic: section
subject: garden
  topic: keywords
subject: soil
  topic: keywords
subject: structure
  topic: keywords
subject: composition
  topic: keywords
subject: acidity
  topic: keywords
creator: David Kiladze
creator: Ramaz Kiladze
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 18
ending page: 28

Ginkgo Biloba L Growth and Development Features in Tskaltubo Central Park
type: item
description: Growth and development characteristics of Ginkgo biloba L. were studied in Tskaltubo Central Park. The study was conducted from the fall of 2019 to the end of 2021. It has been established that there are 4 adult ginkgo plants growing in the park area, 1 of which is female and 3 are male; The "flowering" of the plants coincides with the period of leaf spreading, the beginning of April, the maturation of the microspores on the male specimen lasts 5-6 days; The fall color variability of female and male plants does not coincide-Males begin in mid-October, while females begin in late November and last for one month; Fruits begin to ripen in late July, while the falling begins from mid-October and lasts for 3 months; Fruits fully develop and grow without fertilization, while fertilization and embryo formation take place within 3-4 months of their fall. The ability of seeds to germinate on the study plant varied up to 50%.
subject: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Ginkgo Biloba L
  topic: keywords
subject: growth
  topic: keywords
subject: development
  topic: keywords
subject: multiplication
  topic: keywords
creator: Giorgi Kiladze
creator: Eter Benidze
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 8
ending page: 17

Programmed Staged Abdominal Lavage in Surgical Treatment of Common Peritonitis
type: item
description: Peritonitis still remains an acute complication of severe surgical disease in the abdominal cavity during surgical interventions. Peritonitis caused by obstetric-gynecological pathology also plays an important role. Lethality is high and is related to the number of organs damaged. In the treatment of peritonitis, its basis is a surgical intervention aimed at eradicating the cause of peritonitis during surgery, fighting infection (abdominal sanation) and antibacterial therapy in the postoperative period, as well as intensive therapy and detoxification of the body.
subject: Medicine
  topic: section
subject: Peritonitis
  topic: keywords
subject: obstetric-gynecological pathology
  topic: keywords
subject: abdominal sanation
  topic: keywords
subject: therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: detoxification
  topic: keywords
creator: Boris Chakvetadze
creator: Omar Ghibradze
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 176
ending page: 184

The Possibilities of Creating Small Ports and Design Methods
type: item
description: The creation of a network of small ports plays an important role in the development of small and medium business in the country. The maritime capacity provides the best opportunity for this. The article looks into the stages of creating small ports and the mutual obligations of the parties involved in this process. Small ports allow for transferring cargo at low cost. The priority here is to handle small cargo consisting of raw materials, agricultural, construction and other goods produced in the region.
subject: Engineering
  topic: section
subject: business idea
  topic: keywords
subject: logistics chain
  topic: keywords
subject: synergistic relationship
  topic: keywords
creator: Aleksandre Kamladze
creator: Irakli Sharabidze
creator: Konstantine Bolkvadze
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 165
ending page: 174

The Main Factors of Designing the Industrial Fabrics for Metro Escalator Handrails
type: item
description: The article presents the main factors in the design of technical fabric for replacing steel cables in the handles of the subway escalator. The cable system occupies the central part in the handle and is the supporting element of the composite. The results of the work show that the ropes work almost independently of the load. When installing and repairing the handles, the rope is secured with a bandage. Increased friction and heat generation occurs when driving on difficult road sections. Balance layers are often damaged. The special fabric tapes made by us from hybrid yarns with enhanced physical and mechanical properties meet the design requirements.
subject: Engineering
  topic: section
subject: Escalator
  topic: keywords
subject: handle
  topic: keywords
subject: steel cables
  topic: keywords
subject: technical fabric
  topic: keywords
creator: Emir Bakuradze
creator: Kakhaberi Bakuradze
creator: Ketevan Goginovi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 157
ending page: 164

Solidity Assessment of Absolutely Flexible Pipelines in The Flow of Air or Fluid
type: item
description: An algorithm has been developed for sizing the absolutely flexible pipelines (bars) loaded with the concentrated forces and located in the air or liquid flow. The stated algorithm allows us to determine the shape of the pipeline (bar), the axial force in the pipeline both without the internal flow and taking into account the internal flow of fluid moving in the pipeline, as well as to assess the pipeline strength, taking into account the normal stresses caused by the pipe bend.
subject: Engineering
  topic: section
subject: Pipeline
  topic: keywords
subject: aerodynamic forces
  topic: keywords
subject: permissible stress
  topic: keywords
creator: Zurab Arkania
creator: Nodar Mardaleishvili
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 144
ending page: 156

Major Trends in the Development of Auto Tractor Engines
type: item
description: The following trends are evident in the development of auto tractor engines in mechanical engineering: increase in unit power of internal combustion engines, use of turbochargers in diesels, including secondary cooling, Manufacture of hybrid engines using alternative fuels and advances in the electronics industry and progress the efficiency of the aggregate by increasing the engine rotational force.
subject: Engineering
  topic: section
subject: Turbocharger
  topic: keywords
subject: superchargind
  topic: keywords
subject: Turbulence
  topic: keywords
subject: Synchronization
  topic: keywords
subject: Toxicity
  topic: keywords
subject: Neutralizers
  topic: keywords
subject: Catalysts
  topic: keywords
creator: Emzar Kilasonia
creator: Lukhum Chelidze
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 137
ending page: 143

Introduction of the Experience of Foreign Countries in the Management of Tourist Transport Infrastructure in Georgia
type: item
description: The article discusses the experience of leading foreign countries in the tourism industry, particularly in the management of tourism transport infrastructure. In many foreign countries, as well as Georgia, tourism has become one of the leading sectors of the country's economy and a stable source of revenue for the country. The paper states that the introduction of the experience of foreign countries in the management of tourism transport infrastructure will contribute to the development of tourism in Georgia and significantly increase the attraction of country for visitors.
subject: Engineering
  topic: section
subject: transport
  topic: keywords
subject: tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: tourist routes
  topic: keywords
subject: tourist facilitie
  topic: keywords
subject: management
  topic: keywords
creator: Gvantsa Arjevanidze
creator: Izolda Dangadze
creator: Jumber Chogovadze
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 121
ending page: 136

Moral Reasons and the Logical Form of Normative Arguments
type: item
description: What does it precisely mean that we have reasons for doing what we ought to do? An answer to these questions requires an understanding of moral motivation, ethical reasoning, and the nature of the moral stance. I lay the groundwork for such a study in this paper, in which I propose an analysis of the moral stance and the logical form of normative, meta-ethical arguments.
subject: Arts and Humanities
  topic: section
subject: Moral action
  topic: keywords
subject: moral stance
  topic: keywords
subject: moral motivation
  topic: keywords
subject: ethical reasoning
  topic: keywords
creator: Joerg H. Hardy
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 104
ending page: 119

Paul Chavchavadze – Georgian emigrant writer reflecting the Russian Bolshevik policy
type: item
description: This article relates to a Georgian emigrant writer – Paul Chavchavadze and his creativity in America. The work entitled “Marie Avinov – Pilgrimage through hell”, is in fact a memoir. The notes of historical value were gathered and turned into a real, literary masterpiece. Our interest towards the book was mainly caused by the fact that it directly reveals the epoch viciousness. The policies of a Bolshevik government became the reason for the deportation of many emigrants. The fate of the Russian aristocrats was also determined by that policy.
subject: Arts and Humanities
  topic: section
subject: Emigrant
  topic: keywords
subject: Aristocrat
  topic: keywords
subject: Homeland
  topic: keywords
creator: Monika Jitchonaia
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 96
ending page: 103

Urban Aesthetics in Theodore Dreiser’s Novel Sister Carrie
type: item
description: The paper aims to explore the ways in which Theodore Dreiser represents urban imagery of Chicago (1889-1890) and New York (1890-1897) in his novel Sister Carrie and aesthetic elements of the writer’s urban vision. The actuality of this topic derives from the significant role urbanism and city play in American literature at the end of the 19th and early 20th century. Urbanism and literary naturalism are inseparably interconnected, megalopolis being the main topos in naturalist texts – the city, as a rule, is viewed as the center of modern culture and a metonymy of the whole society. The influence of the city on the consciousness of its inhabitants is one of the central problems of literary naturalism. The purpose of this paper is to identify and explore the elements that define urban aesthetics of Dreiser's novel, shaping its complex narrative structure. The focus is made on such naturalistic details as colors, the specific smell of the metropolis which is sometimes irritating and often associated with immigrants, the noise that constantly accompanies the big city; and finally, it is the weather that the author uses deliberately to intensify the urban impressions. The paper scrutinizes Dreiser’s intention to outline the panoramic picture of the modern city as well epic image of American life and society, differentiating between social classes and ways of life.
subject: Arts and Humanities
  topic: section
subject: urban aesthetics
  topic: keywords
subject: naturalism
  topic: keywords
subject: urban atmosphere
  topic: keywords
subject: megalopolis
  topic: keywords
creator: Nanuli Bartia
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 84
ending page: 95

Expressions in Nuskhuri Will-inscriptions of Gelatian Liturgical Book (Gulan) (K-596)
type: item
description: Gelatian Gulan preserved in Kutaisi State Historical Museum, is copied in 1541. It is the first dated Gulan among this type of manuscripts. More than 150 Nuskhuri and Mkhedruli will-inscriptions are confirmed in Gulan. Their study provides interesting material from both linguistic and historical-source study aspects. With the help of will-inscriptions, the information of various nature, content and destination has reached us. The inscriptions show the economic situation, daily worries and everyday problems of the society at that time. In addition, the inscriptions give us an idea of the people of that time - their thoughts and feelings. Gulan's will-inscriptions are rich in expressions expressing the psycho-emotional state of the copyists. The subject of our research is the discussion of expressions from a psycholinguistic aspect. How much the grammatical structure of the expressions changes with the change in the psycho-emotional mood of the copyist, i.e. what linguistic means are used for this in the will-inscriptions of the Gelatian Gulan.
subject: Arts and Humanities
  topic: section
subject: manuscripts
  topic: keywords
subject: Gulan
  topic: keywords
subject: calligraphers
  topic: keywords
subject: expressions
  topic: keywords
subject: will-inscriptions
  topic: keywords
creator: Pikria Chabukiani
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 68
ending page: 83

The Verb in Georgian Linguistic Literature of the 18th-19th Centuries
type: item
description: All the fundamental linguistic researches of the 18th-19th centuries provide very interesting and valuable information about the verb, its categories and the derivative affixes. Clearly, for a variety of reasons, a number of these views have only historical significance today, although there are some valuable observations from the present point of view. The paper discusses grammatical works of Zurab Shanshovani, Anton Bagrationi, Gaioz Rector, Davit and Ioane Bagrationi, Varlam Eristavi, Ioane Kartvelishvili, Solomon Dodashvili and Platon Ioseliani. All Georgian grammarians of this period consider the verb as an independent part of speech and give its characterization. However, it is indisputable that the provisions referred to by Anton I regarding the verb categories became a kind of basis and impetus for the grammarians of the later period, as his grammar is the first fundamental linguistic work of the Georgian language. Many different, interesting opinions have been expressed about the verb by some grammarians of the later period, while some reject a number of valuable remarks of Antony.
subject: Arts and Humanities
  topic: section
subject: verb
  topic: keywords
subject: verb categories
  topic: keywords
subject: parts of speech
  topic: keywords
creator: Tamar Mamardashvili
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 58
ending page: 67

"The Georgian Dictionary", or "Sitkvis Kona” (A Bundle of Words) - the Most Important Monument of Georgian Lexicography
type: item
description: The article analyzes the most important monument of the literary heritage of a famous Georgian writer and public figure Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani _ "The Georgian Dictionary". It also presents the principles of compiling a dictionary, its peculiarities and other specific issues. The focus is on the aspects that keep it relevant even today and not only make it an important monument of Georgian lexicography, but also attach special significance to it in the history of Georgian culture.
subject: Arts and Humanities
  topic: section
subject: lexicography
  topic: keywords
subject: dictionary
  topic: keywords
subject: grammar
  topic: keywords
subject: linguistics
  topic: keywords
subject: the Georgian language
  topic: keywords
creator: Leila Abzianidze
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 49
ending page: 57

Condition of Soils in Georgia Caused by Natural and Anthropogenic Factors
type: item
description: Soils are the foundation and one of the basic elements of almost every aspect of human activity. They can be used as an essential tool of human habitation, work, production and therefore represent a major resource of revenues and prosperity. For the above enumerated reasons a rational exploitation of soil resources is an indispensable precondition of the mankind’s very existence. The article proposes the analysis of soil conditions in Georgia from the perspective of anthropogenic and natural factors.
subject: Agricultural and Biological Sciences
  topic: section
subject: soil
  topic: keywords
subject: erosion
  topic: keywords
subject: Desertification
  topic: keywords
subject: recultivation
  topic: keywords
subject: Pesticides
  topic: keywords
subject: urbanization
  topic: keywords
subject: monoculture
  topic: keywords
subject: irrigation
  topic: keywords
creator: Tsira Zhorzholiani
creator: Emzar Gordadze
creator: Ketevan Afkhadze
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: 37
ending page: 47